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American red squirrel
The (American) red squirrel (''Tamiasciurus hudsonicus'') is one of three species of tree squirrel currently classified in the genus ''Tamiasciurus'', known as the pine squirrels (the others are the Douglas squirrel, ''T. douglasii'' and Mearns's squirrel, ''T. mearnsi''). American red squirrels are also referred to as pine squirrels, North American red squirrels, boomers, and chickarees. They are medium-sized (200–250 g) diurnal mammals that defend a year-round exclusive territory. The diet of these tree squirrels is specialized on the seeds of conifer cones. As such, they are widely distributed across North America wherever conifers are common, except on the Pacific coast, where they are replaced by Douglas squirrels. Recently, American red squirrels have been expanding their range to include primarily hardwood areas.〔Goheen, J.R., R.K. Swihart, and J.H. Robins. (2003). The anatomy of a range expansion: changes in cranial morphology and rates of energy extraction for North American red squirrels from different latitudes. ''Oikos'' 102: 33-44.〕
== Taxonomy ==
American red squirrels should not be confused with Eurasian red squirrels (''Sciurus vulgaris''); since the ranges of these species do not overlap, they are both commonly referred to as "red squirrels" in the areas where they are native. The specific epithet ''hudsonicus'' refers to Hudson Bay, Canada, where the species was first catalogued by Erxleben in 1771.〔Woods, S.E.J. (1980). ''The Squirrels of Canada.'' National Museums of Canada.〕 A recent phylogeny suggests the squirrels as a family can be divided into five major lineages. Red squirrels (''Tamiasciurus'') fall within the clade that includes flying squirrels and other tree squirrels (e.g., ''Sciurus'').〔Mercer, J.\ M., and V.L. Roth. (2003). The effects of Cenozoic global change on squirrel phylogeny. ''Science'' 299:1568-1572.〕 There are 25 recognized subspecies of red squirrels.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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